Tax Strategies for Individuals
Tax Strategies for Individuals
There are many factors that impact your tax return. Our experienced accountants can help guide you when considering your individual tax strategies.
Tax Brackets
BBefore considering deductions, it is important to know which tax bracket you fall under. Tax brackets vary for those filing as single, head of household, married filing jointly, or married filing separately.
Within your tax bracket, you pay a flat rate PLUS a percentage of the money you earn above the lowest amount in that tax bracket. Once your taxable income reaches a higher tax bracket, you pay more in taxes. Each new tax bracket brings a higher percentage of taxes owed. It is important to maximize your deductions to stay in the lower tax bracket.
Standard Deductions
A standard deduction is a predetermined portion of your income (established by the government) that is not subject to taxes. For some filers it makes sense to use simple standard deductions as opposed to itemizing. However, some are not eligible to use standard deductions. A tax professional familiar with the current tax codes can identify how you can best handle deductions.
Itemized Deductions
If you are considering itemizing deductions on your tax return you will have to include a Schedule A with all qualifying deductions and must have corresponding records as proof.
Interest on Mortgage Loans
You can claim a deduction on mortgage interest as well as on qualified private mortgage insurance (PMI) premiums on your first or second home. The amount you can deduct from PMI premiums depends on your adjusted gross income. If your adjusted gross income is more than $100,000, you should consult a tax professional for advice.
Charitable Contributions
Giving cash to a qualified charitable organization is often fully deductible. Also, any property you give to charity is deductible up to the fair market value. Just make sure to obtain receipts from the organization to which you are donating.
Retirement Savings
Some savings for your retirement can be tax-deductible, others are not.
If you participate in a 401(k) plan provided by your employer, your contributions are pre-tax and cannot be claimed as a deduction. When you start taking money out of your 401(k), that money is taxed at your current income tax rate.
Other common retirement savings options include traditional and Roth IRAs.
Traditional IRAs are tax-deferred. You pay taxes on them once you start withdrawing funds. You can claim tax deductions on your contributions to a traditional IRA.
Roth IRA contributions are made with after-tax dollars, so you pay taxes upfront, and qualified withdrawals are tax-free. Your tax professional can give you information about the pros and cons of IRAs and the restrictions on your contributions and deductions based on your individual situation.
Tax Credits
If you are eligible for a tax credit, it is directly applied to your tax bill. A deduction, on the other hand, reduces what you report as taxable income.
Many tax credits are income-restricted. This means if your adjusted gross income is more than a predetermined amount, you may only qualify for a portion (or none) of the tax credit.
Child and Dependent Tax Credits
The government offsets child expenses for each qualifying child with the Child Tax Credit (CTC) and the refundable portion, the Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC). Your tax professional can advise you on these credits and potential refunds.
The government also offers a tax credit for qualifying expenses related to childcare or dependent care. The amount you receive depends on your qualifying expenses and adjusted gross income. The percentage gradually drops as the AGI gets higher, but all incomes are entitled to a tax credit for child or dependent care expenses. If you are married and filing separately, you cannot claim this credit.
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
EITC allows individuals (or families) with low incomes to receive a tax credit in the form of a refund. The limitation and credit amount increase if you have qualifying children.
Education Credits
Contact your tax advisor to learn more about the following AOTC and LLC tax credits.
The American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC)
The AOTC offers tax credits for qualifying students who are enrolled at least half-time in a qualified higher education institution and are pursuing a degree, certificate or another credential. Students in their first four years can be refunded a portion of qualified education expenses through the AOTC.
There are some restrictions and not every higher education expense will qualify.
Lifetime Learning Credit (LLC)
The Lifetime Learning Credit (LLC) allows those returning to higher education, even if you are taking a single course, to receive partial credit for related expenses.
Those with an AGI over a certain amount are not eligible for the LLC.
Unemployment
Unemployment compensation is taxable and reported on Form 1099-G issued by your state unemployment agency.
You may complete Form W-4V (voluntary withholding request) to have taxes withheld from your unemployment check.
Self-Employment
If you are self-employed, you must file a Form SE (Self-Employment Tax) and attach it to your 1040 return. Depending on the nature of your work, you may be able to deduct expenses. Consult your tax professional to determine what you can claim.
Please refer to the IRS website https://www.irs.gov/ for answers to specific questions about your federal taxes or the tax authority in your specific state for questions about your state taxes.
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